Global temperature · 1850 onward
HadCRUT5 anomalies relative to 1961–1990, with confidence limits. Worldwide temperature change; select Local history below for Kurdistan city records.
Sources, coverage and uncertainty
Explore our
climate history.
Inspect global temperature change from 1900 onward, local historical weather and recent air-quality records. No values are invented for missing periods.
Local weather · 1940 onward
ERA5 reanalysis for selected cities. Model-assisted historical estimates, not exact readings at your location. About five days behind the present.
Air quality · August 2022 onward
CAMS global model archive. No 1900-era air-quality values are available through this source. Hourly API values originate from a coarser model.
Choose Global history for worldwide temperature change, or Local history for Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok, Halabja and Shaqlawa.
Chart lines stop at missing values. Numbers in the table and CSV retain the precision supplied by the source. A short-term series is not a long-term climate trend.